September 1 Eastern Front, Poland
A German force of 53 divisions, supported by 1600 aircraft, crosses the German and Slovak borders into Poland in a pincer movement. Plan White, directed by General Walther von Brauchitsch, aims to totally paralyze Poland's 24 divisions by swift encirclement, thus cutting their lines of supply and communication. While Poland mobilizes its full strength, its forces in action, lacking both air and armored support, are largely placed on the country's borders. They are quickly overrun, and reinforcements often arrive too late to halt the German attacks. September 2 Politics, Allies Ultimatums are delivered by Britain and France to Germany demanding its immediate withdrawal from Poland. September 3 Politics, Allies Britain and France declare war on Nazi Germany after their ultimatums regarding the invasion of Poland expire. Australia and New Zealand also declare war. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain forms a war cabinet, which includes prominent antiappeasers First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill and Secretary for the Dominions Anthony Eden. Sea War, Atlantic The liner Athenia is sunk by the U-30 after being mistaken for a British auxiliary cruiser, claiming 112 lives. September 4 Air War, Germany Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command launches its first attacks against Nazi warships in the Heligoland Bight off northwest Germany, but the government will not authorize raids on targets within Germany. September 5 Politics, South Africa Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts declares war on Nazi Germany following the formation of a new cabinet after political disagreements over joining the conflict. Politics, United States The authorities officially proclaim their neutrality. prev | next |